Breathing is so automatic that most of us notice it only when something goes wrong. Yet every breath depends on an extraordinarily delicate structure. Inside the lungs, tiny air sacs provide a vast, thin surface across which oxygen enters the blood. When that tissue is repeatedly injured, the body’s attempt to repair it can become part of the problem. Instead of restoring flexible lung tissue, repair processes may leave behind excessive scar tissue. As this fibrosis accumulates, the lungs become stiffer and less able to perform their essential task.

When most of us hear “growth hormone,” we think of childhood, with bones lengthening, bodies developing, and the remarkable biological machinery that turns a small child into an adult. Growth hormone, or GH, deserves that reputation. Produced mainly by the pituitary gland, it helps regulate growth, metabolism, organ development and the production of another important messenger, insulin-like growth factor 1. Yet decades of research have revealed a more complicated story. The same signals that encourage healthy cells to grow and adapt can, in the wrong setting, help cancer cells survive.Because of these unanswered questions, researchers around the world continue searching for new ways to understand gravity. One intriguing contribution comes from Prof. Roberto Sussman and Dr. Sebastián Nájera of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, who have proposed a new gravity theory they denote as “Schouten–Codazzi Gravity”. Their work explores whether gravity might be described by a modified set of mathematical rules that remain closely connected to Einstein’s theory while opening the door to new possibilities.

Autism spectrum disorder is one of the most widely discussed neurodevelopmental conditions, yet many of its deepest biological mysteries remain unsolved. Scientists have identified hundreds of genes linked to autism, explored environmental influences, and documented patterns in early childhood development. Even so, no single explanation has successfully brought these different pieces together into one coherent picture.