More than a million years ago, the island of Java looked very different from the busy, densely populated place we know today. Vast mangrove forests spread along muddy coastlines. Freshwater swamps stretched inland. Grasslands burned during dry seasons, while volcanic mountains rose in the distance beneath shifting tropical skies. Hidden within these ancient landscapes were animals that no longer exist and environments that shaped some of the earliest chapters of human history in Southeast Asia. A recent study by Harsanti Morley of Palynova Ltd and Robert Morley, who is a research associate at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has opened an extraordinary window into that vanished world. By examining microscopic grains of fossil pollen and spores preserved in ancient rocks from Central Java, the researchers reconstructed ecosystems that existed during the early Pleistocene, a period beginning more than two million years ago. Their work reveals what the landscape looked like, and also how climate, sea levels, vegetation, and wildlife changed through time.

Deep in the Amazon rainforest of southeastern Peru, one of the world’s most elusive wild cats slips silently through the trees. Smaller than a jaguar and far less famous than a tiger, the margay is a master of the canopy, moving through tangled branches with extraordinary agility. For decades, scientists have struggled to understand this mysterious feline because it is rarely seen, mostly active at night, and equally comfortable on the ground and high above it. Now, a new study conducted by Dr. Samantha Zwicker of Hoja Nueva, a conservation nonprofit rooted in Madre de Dios, Peru, and colleagues, is shedding light on the hidden world of the margay in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. By combining ground cameras with lower-canopy cameras placed at natural margay choke points, the team captured both sides of cats moving up and down trees – a practical, lower-cost alternative to labor-intensive upper-canopy surveys.